The Effects Of Low Birth Weight On Infants - 1518 Words

The term low birth weight is used in describing infants weighing less than 5 lbs 8 ounces (2500g) whereas the average weight is 8 lbs (Stanford, 2015). An infant with a low birth weight has a significantly higher chance of neonatal and perinatal mortality (Maheswari Behera, 2014). Babies who do persevere and survive are documented of having inadequate neurosensory, cognitive, behavioral development and limited school performance (Guyatt Snow, 2004). Shiono and Behrman (1995) state that infants with low birth weight consist of 7% of live births, however, 35% of the cost of health care goes towards caring for low birth weight infants. Studies show that African American infants are twice more than Caucasian infants to have a low birth weight. To bring a life into this world takes more than conception; sacrifices need to be made, nurturing, and providing a safe home for the child, but many minorities struggle to fulfill these needs. Health and health care are imperative when it comes t o being an expecting mother; therefore, it is important that to address what influences the birth weight of African American infants in my research paper. I hope to address how factors such as racial discrimination within the American health care system, prenatal care, stress, and the age of the mother contributes to the low birth weight (LBW) disparities between African American infants and Caucasian infants. Being born into poverty is out of an individuals’ control. David and Collins (1997)Show MoreRelatedThe Use Of Tobacco Products During Pregnancy1326 Words   |  6 Pagestobacco products during pregnancy has influenced the outcomes of infants’ birth in multiple ways. Maternal smoking during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and decreases gestational age thus, increasing several risk factors in the neonatal population. These risk factors are low birth weight (LBW), and premature birth. There is a strong correlation between both risk factors as it relates to neonatal long-term morbidity and also mortality. Infants who are born preterm accounts for a large percentage of earlyRead MoreDelayed Childbearing Outcomes And Prevention1141 Words   |  5 Pagesmore than one infant being carried in a womb can also be life threatening for the mother bearing the infant and for the infant itself. Needless to say, one, two, three or even four infants in a womb simultaneously depicts a h igh risk in the outcome of a birth, but the infants and the mother are more prone to circumstantial risks when the mother bearing the child is over the age of 35. Woman aged 35 or older are at 20% to 40% more prone to having an increased risk of low birth weight and preterm deliveryRead MoreThe Low Country Healthy Start Program1503 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Low Country Healthy start program is designed to eliminate disparities in perinatal health, improve birth outcomes, and quality of life in African american women and infants living in Allendale, Bamberg, Hampton, and Orangeburg counties. The Low County healthy start program propositions four purposes (1) Eliminate disparities in perinatal health by focusing on individual health behaviors and assisting women of child bearing age improve their health and the health of their familiesRead More Tobacco Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagesis a potent chemical that has powerful effects on the human body, especially when administered rapidly or at high doses. 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The study revealed appropriate conclusions with statistically significantRead MorePoverty vs. Low Birth Weights1042 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There exist some evidence that poverty can result in low birth weight in newborn infants. On Prince Edward Island, low birth weights are currently the lowest as compared to the national average according to Statistics Canada. However, the link that exist between poverty and low birth weights leaves unanswered questions as to what can be done to reduce these low birth weights in newborn infants. The effect of Poverty on Low Birth Weight in Newborns Receiving good prenatal care is extremelyRead MorePremature Infants And Music Therapy1539 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of premature infants and music therapy, the author of this paper discusses about the effect of music on specific common issue that the NICU can cause to premature infants. The effect of music therapy on stabilizing premature infants’ breathing and heart rate is addressed. The author also points out that music can be a stimulus for premature infants to learning life-matter skill such as the sucking behavior. The Effect of Music Therapy For Premature Infants in NICU In MarchRead MoreEssay On Vlbw Infants1178 Words   |  5 Pagesoutcomes in LBW infants was found, multiple cohort studies performed give insight into the epidemiology of these outcomes. A study done by Litt et al. (2012) following 181 VLBW infants (birth cohort 1992-1995) into adolescence found a prevalence of neurosensory disorders including cerebral palsy, blindness, and deafness equal to 17%, compared to 0% of the 115 NBW children followed. Similarly, Wilson-Costello et al. (2007) found a prevalence of 23% for neurosensory disorders among 749 LBW infants from a similarRead MoreEssay1325 Words   |  6 PagesEducation level is not the only factor that has a significant role in black infant mortality, but so does the environment these African American women live in. The environment someone lives in, whether it be emotional or physical plays a major role on the person’s behavior and habits. One of the main things that a research has found is that childhood lead poisoning ca n lead to many later poor health effects or complications during pregnancy. Lead is usually found in older homes in many cities. EvenRead MoreCorrelation Between Income And Infant Mortality1722 Words   |  7 Pageswell-being and early health of their infants. And if there is indeed a connection between income and infant mortality or birth weight, what other conditions must be held constant or controlled in order for these connections to be statistically significant? Schady Smitz (2009) took the direction of studying middle income country with specified regularity and extremity in economic shocks to the system and then attempting to establish a connection with said shocks to the infant mortality rates. They gathered

Tupac Changes non-standard text free essay sample

Outpace Muar Shaker (1971-1996) was a West Coast rapper. Rap and hip hop music was the music of the poor black. The theme wealth Topics music relates to tough Ghetto life experienced by the black community of America dominated by drugs murder and poverty . There was a strong hatred between West and East Coast rappers which resulted in numerous killings. Outpace was himself killed in 1996 by a shotgun wound. The song Changes recorded by Outpace in 1992 is about the tough life experienced by Outpace.This song echoes Topics battles with drugs, poverty, racism and gang violence. During this time African Americans were also affected by the beating of Rodney King by the American Police Officers, which resulted in the Los Angels Riots of 1992. Outpace like Dry Martin Luther King wants peace and tranquility and therefore through the power words echoes out the message to the people to come together and make changes by being united as a group. We will write a custom essay sample on Tupac Changes non-standard text or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His lyrics correctly, the capitalist system that delves America Into the haves and have- onto: Im tired of being poor and even worse Im black.My stomach hurts, so Im looking for a purse to snatch. In Changes Outpace speaks of the Black Panther Party leader Hey P Newton in the first stanza (lines-10) Two shots in the dark In Changes he make use of basic slang terms such as cops and crack in the first stanza. Repetition and melodic rhythm is also employed by Outpace. This can be seen in the following lines taken from the chorus and first stanza respectively: Come on come on Thats just the way it is Things;all never be the same awe yeah. (Chorus) First ship me dope and let me deal to brothers.Give me guns, step back. And watch me kill each other. (Stanza 1) The above stanza also employs imagery In which a picture of the black mans plight Is created. The word Niger Is used as a racial statement and not to Intimidate: Pull the trigger, kill a enigma, hes a hero. (stanza 1) The second stanza speaks ironically of a President Obama upon his election, he faced a lot of criticism for being black and having the surname Hussein indication of Muslim heritage we anti ready to see a black President, uh. It anti a secret dont conceal the fact Stanza 2) Thus the purpose of the lyrics in Changes is to convey a message to the masses of racism faced by the black community, the need for equality and peace through unity. Therefore according to Outpace things will stay as they are for the black community unless they take steps for that change towards a better life. This can be seen in the third stanza in which Tuft says: Its time for us as a people to start making some changes. Lets change the way we eat, lets change the way we live and lets change the way we treat each other. (stanza 3) IRONY great deal of irony, with which Outpace effectively displays how the world deals with the problems of the streets. He says, Give the crack to the kids, who the hell cares? One less hungry mouth on the welfare. METAPHOR Devil take a brother is at once both a religious allusion and a metaphor for death SYNTAX The literary device of syntax is used to say that the black man no matter which gang he belongs to should unite: But we can never go nowhere unless we share with each other We goat start making changes Learn to see me as a brother instead of 2 distant strangersAnd thats how its supposed to be How can the Devil take a brother if hes close to me? (Verse 1) ANAPHORA Anaphoric reference of repetition is used by using the term changes is littered throughout the song. Tubas frustration towards his community is portrayed through the use of this term, despite great figu res in history died trying to change the dont change thus it seem the efforts were pointless. COHERENCE There is coherence as the song reflects the plight faced with being black in America and how the police dealt with them as in the case of beating of Rodney King and thus exulting in the Los Angels 1992 Riots.Id love to go back to when we played as kids But things change. .. And thats the way it is [Hook: Talent] rats Just the way it is yeah [Verse 2: OPAC] see no changes, all I see is racist faces Misplaced hate makes disgrace to races En under, I wonder what it takes to make this One better place, lets erase the wasted rake the evil out the people, theyll be acting rightCause both Black and White are smoking crack tonight And the only time we chill is when we kill each other It takes skill to be real, time to heal each other And although it seems heaven-sent En anti ready to see a Black President It anti a secret, dont conceal the fact: ere penitentiarys packed, and its filled with blacks But some things will never change ray to show another way but you staying in the dope game Now tell me, whats a mother to do? Being real dont appeal to the brother in you too goat operate the easy way l made a G today but you made it in a sleazy way.